Implant collar and post system

ABSTRACT

Abutment posts, gingival collars, and universal adaptors along with their fixation screws that are used for insertion into dental implants are revealed. The adaptor is universal in that it matches to many different shaped, sized, and styled implants, and standardizes their restoration with uniform gingival collars and abutment posts. A gingival collar of varying sizes, which extends from the top of the flange of the adaptor to the height of the gingival tissue, is used to bring the restoration of the implant into the oral cavity. A post becomes connected to the gingival collar to create a restoration for the placement of a crown or coping over the implant. The top of the adaptor has a projection which is indexed and the top of the gingival collar is also indexed. This indexing allows specific angle correction in the horizontal plane by the counter rotation of the gingival collar and the post head. The post head, itself, comes in a variety of angles and shapes to make vertical angle correction to compensate for angled implant placement. The combination of horizontal correction from the counter rotations of the gingival collar and the post head, along with the vertical angle correction of the post, allows for overall precise angle correction of implant placement.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the prosthodontic restoration of previously placed dental implants whereby a fixture, typically titanium, is surgically implanted in the edentulous area of the alveolar bone as a substitute for a missing natural tooth root.

The use of dental implants has proceeded rapidly since their commercial introduction to the dental community. Initial attention of implant resotration of the mouth was focused on the achieving of a sound integration of the titanium fixtures to the surrounding bone. Success was determined by the degree of this osseointegration. As the field grew in size and scope, a variety of sizes and configurations of implants became available to the dental practitioners. However, in the rush to provide biocompatible fixtures in the mouth, inadequate attention was paid to the needs of the restorative dentist in his role of providing restorations that are esthetic and functional over implants that were more frequently placed at an angle in that they would not be parallel to other implants or natural teeth. As a result, it was left to the restorative dentist to provide a great deal of ingenuity, while enduring time-consuming and expensive procedures in trying to make these implants serviceable and esthetic.

OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a novel and improved collar and post system and a method of restoration for dental implants. Included herein are the methods and apparatus for restoring dental implants in a manner which overcomes the above noted problems.

A further object of the present invention is to provide such methods and apparatus which are applicable to many different styles, types, shapes, and sizes of implants including those presently used in restorative dentistry.

Another object of the present invention is to successfully address those problems of providing esthetic and functional restorations over previously placed angulated or malpositioned implant fixtures.

A further object of the present invention is to provide the ability to restore implants previously placed at angles up to sixty (60°) degrees off of the vertical.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a system that organizes the method by which previously placed implants are restored. The invention supplies methods and apparatus for simplifying the chairside (dentist) and laboratory (technician) tecnhiques necessary to create high quality restorations, while compensating for angulations.

SUMMARY OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In the conventional restoration of implants, sequentially, at the initial surgical visit, the gum tissue is reflected to expose the underlying bone, and a titanium implant fixture is screwed or press fitted into the alveolar bone. Several months later, the gum tissue is opened to expose the implant to the oral environment. At that time and in accordance with the present invention, a universal adapter is chosen and inserted to match the implant in place and secured with an anchor screw; a gingival collar of a height to correspond to the depth of the gum tissue is inserted; a transfer post is placed into the collar; and the post and collar are affixed to each other and to the universal adaptor with a fastener, preferrably a fixation screw. Impressions and bite registrations are taken and sent to a dental laboratory for fabrication of custom abutment heads and overlying crown restorations to ideal esthetic and functional parameters.

The laboratory technician pours a model around the impression, including a soft material around the replicas of the implants and their universal adaptors and gingival collars to represent the gingiva or gum tissue. Once he has the mounted models, the technician surveys the implants to the other teeth in the mouth and/or to other implants, so that all of the abutments are parallel to each other; so that they will provide crowns of natural contour and shape; and so that they will allow a good functional occlusion or bite. The correct gingival collar is chosen in a thermoplastic material, and inserted over the analog of the universal adaptor. Depending upon the degree of angulation of the implant, the technician will choose the correct thermoplastic abutment head to compensate for this angulation and allow "uprighting" of the implant. For small angulations, a precast gingival collar and abutment post may be chosen. For multiple implant abutments, once all of the abutment heads have been affixed to their analogs, the technician does the final "tooth preparation" according to accepted techniques on each post and bonds the thermoplastic collar and abutment head to each other. A precision abutment head to receive the crown or coping is now fabricated by casting the thermoplastic material into gold or other metal. This is done by encompassing it in a special stone with a sprue, and by then burning it out, leaving a space in the stone. The correct gold alloy or other metal is chosen, melted, and driven into the newly created hole. A precision cast abutment post has been created.

Various crowns are created to fit over the abutment posts, depending upon the various prosthetic considerations.

The restorative dentist removes the special healing cap or covering over the implants and their attached universal adaptors, and inserts the implant abutment, which will be in one piece, if it has been cast into gold or will be in one or two pieces if a precast titanium post is used (for smaller angulations). The post will fit over the previously placed universal adaptor that has been affixed to the implant by an anchoring screw which matches the threads of that particular implant and which receives the fixation screw. The combined abutment head and collar is affixed to the adaptor with a fixation screw, and the overlying crown is connected to the abutment head by either cementing it to it or by screwing one to the other.

DRAWINGS

Other objects of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1A is an axially exploded view of an implant in place, a type of universal adaptor and its fixation screw, a gingival collar, an abutment post, and a fixation screw in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention illustrating a straight-up or vertical implant;

FIG. 1B is a side elevational view of the assembled parts of FIG. 1A including a crown (final restoration);

FIG. 2A is a view generally similar to FIG. 1A except that it incorporates a modified post head to accomodate the angulation of the implant;

FIG. 2B is a side elevational view of the assembled parts of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 3A is a view generally similar to FIG. 2A except that it incorporates a modified post head to accomodate the further angulation of the implant;

FIG. 3B is a side elevational view of the assembled parts of FIG. 3A;

FIG. 4A is another embodiment of the invention at a more severe angulation. With precise fabrication by the laboratory technician, the implant angulation can be corrected by as much as 60°;

FIG. 4B is a side elevational view of the assembled parts of FIG. 4A;

FIG. 5A is an exploded view of another embodiment of the invention, showing restoration of an implant when it has been incorrectly placed in a vertical plane in space; the restoration compensates for the positioning of the previously placed implant;

FIG. 5B is a side elevational view of the assembled parts of FIG. 5A;

FIG. 6A is an enlarged, exploded, elevational view generally similar to FIG. 1A, but showing a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6B is a side elevational view of the assembled parts of FIG. 6A;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged elevational view of a nonangulated post included in the sytem of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 7, but showing another embodiment of a nonangulated post;

FIG. 9A is a view generally similar to FIG. 7 but showing an embodiment of an angulated post in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 9B is a side elevational view of FIG. 9A;

FIG. 10A is a view generally similar to FIG. 7 but showing an embodiment of an angulated post in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 10B is a side elevational view of FIG. 10A;

FIG. llA is a view generally similar to FIG. 7 but showing an embodiment of an angulated post in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. llB is a side elevational view of FIG. 11A;

FIG. 12A is a view generally similar to FIG. 7 but showing an embodiment of an angulated post in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 12B is a side elevational view of FIG. 12A;

FIG. 13A is a view generally similar to FIG. 7 but showing an embodiment of an angulated post in accordance with the present invention;

FIG.13B is a side elevational view of FIG.13A;

FIG. 14A is a view generally similar to FIG. 7 but showing an embodiment of an angulated post in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 14B is a side elevational view of FIG. 14A;

FIG. 15A is a view generally similar to FIG. 7 but showing an embodiment of an offset post in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 15B is a side elevationsl view of FIG. 15A;

FIG. 16 is a side elevational view showing the system of the present invention assembled in the mouth ready for bridge insertion, after compensating for implant angulation and position;

FIGS. 17A-17E show an exploded view of a transfer system in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 18A is another embodiment of the universal adaptor;

FIG. 18B is another embodiment of the universal adaptor;

FIG. 18C is another embodiment of the universal adaptor;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to the drawings in detail, in FIG. 1A, the implant (10), itself is represented as it exists after placement in the bone. In this example, it has an internal bevel, a threaded portion (12) to receive a fixation screw (in this case the anchor screw thread), and a hexagon portion (14) which receives the hexagon stem of the universal adaptor. In another embodiment the hexagon receptor may be replaced by an internal bevel (FIG. 6A, 21), cylinder, etc. depending upon the internal configuration of the implant chosen by the manufacturer. The universal adaptor (20) has at one end an external hexagon stem (22) to fit inside the hexagon of the implant. This configuration may be replaced by other means of verying dimensions and of such a nature as to fit into several different types of manufactured implants with various dimensions and internal thread diameters. The post (22) fits into the receptor (14) in the head of the implant. It is connected to the implant by an anchor screw (21), which extends through the hexagon external post at the open end. In another, preferred embodiment to be discussed later, (FIG. 6A), the stem (66) of the anchor screw (60) extends beyond the octagon post at the free end. The anchor screw in that embodiment has an internal thread to receive the fixation screw. A small flange (24) tapers from the dimension of the individual implants (10) to a standardized size at its free end. An external post, octagon in shape (26), extends from the flange toward the free end. Any external posts (22 and 26) at the open and free ends have an internal opening to receive the anchoring screw (21). A gingival collar (30) of varying lengths to extend from the top of the flange to the height of the gingival tissue is used to extend the restoration of the implant into the oral cavity. It tapers from the open end (34) at the flange of the universal adaptor to a larger standardized size in order to more naturally represent the size and shape of a natural tooth root at the free end (36). It has an internal opening extending from the open end at the adaptor to the free end (36) of an octagon shape to receive the octagon posts of the "adaptor" (26) and the abutment post (42). In some instances, the abutment post has at one end an external octagon post (42) to be inserted into the octagon receptacle of the gingival collar. It has at its free end a socket to receive the fixation screw (50). The fixation screw, itself, has an internal hex hole which extends down the shank (54) to allow sizing of the screw by the laboratory technician without the need to cut a new slot for a screw driver. Once cut down, there is still a position for insertion of a hex tool to match. The shank (53) and the threads (52) match the corresponding parts of the octagon stud of the universal adaptor. FIG. 1B is a composite of the connection of the implant, anchor screw and universal adaptor, the gingival collar, and the abutment post and final crown (1).

The post is preferably made from a thermoplastic material to allow precision refining of the shape and comes in a variety of angulations (FIG. 2A,140; FIG. 3A,240; FIG. 3A, 340; FIG. 4A, 440) to compensate for an otherwise angulated implant that is not parallel to other teeth or implants. In FIG. 2A the abutment post is different as it corrects for an angulation of 15°, but all of the other parts are the same. The post has been reshaped to straighten-up the tooth preparation. During the set-up of the case, the laboratory technician will choose the post of the correct angulation to straighten up the tooth preparation to parallel it to other implants or teeth, and then will rotate it on the octagon (or the universal adaptor on the hexagon) to achieve the "optimum" position for the post. He then prepares the final tooth preparation. FIG. 2B is a composite drawing of the parts of FIGS. 2A. FIGS. 3A and 3B show the same relationships as FIGS. 2A and 2B, except that the angulation of the post is 30° instead of 15°. The abutment post (240) has a hole for the fixation screw (244) and a separate hole (246) to receive a tube and screw appliance for fixation of the final crown by screwing it into place instead of cementing it, as the dentist chooses. In the preferred embodiment, the abutment head has a taper of no more than 10° to allow frictional retention of the crown. FIGS. 4A and 4B show the same relationships as FIGS. 3A and 3B. It also has a separate tube and screw receptacle (346). The dentist has the option to choose between cementing the crown or screwing it down.

FIGS. 5A and 5B show a special post for correction of implant placement when it is at a reasonable angulation, but is placed too far mesially, distally, bucally, or lingually relative to other teeth in the arch. In addition, it corrects for placement of an implant whose restoration would impinge upon a solder joint of a bridge.

FIGS. 6A and 6B represent the preferred embodiment of the invention, except for the implant connection of the universal adaptor, which varies according to the implant to which it is connecting and except for the post head itself which varies according to angulation. In this example the implant (10), itself, is represented as it would exist after placement in the bone, and after ossointegration. It has an internal threaded portion (12) to receive some form of fixation screw for a prosthesis, in this case, the anchor screw thread (62). It usually has a cylindrical chamber (15) to receive the shank (61) of the anchor screw which is fabricated to match it. In this example, the implant has an internal bevel (13) which is matched to the tapered cylinder (21) below the flange (24) of the universal (octa-hex) adaptor. The Octa-Hex™ adaptor, in this example, has the tapered cylinder (21) which fits inside the implant (13). There are many embodiments below the flange of the adaptor (24). It has a flange (24), which at its open end is the same size as the head of the implant and which tapers out to a greater dimension at its incisal or free end to a standard size for the system. It has an external stud of an octagon shape which allows a precise interdigitation along with the ability to rotate the parts above it in 45° increments. Because of its length, the octagon stud provides strength and resistance to fracture to the fixation screw. The anchor screw (60) threads into the implant (12) while its flange at the free end (66) tightens the universal adaptor on to the implant head. The gingival collar (30) comes in varying lengths to extend from the top of the flange (24) of the universal adaptor to the height of the gingival tissue and extends the restoration of the implant into the oral cavity. It tapers from the open end (34) at the flange to a larger standardized size in order to more naturally represent the size and shape of a natural tooth root at the free end (36). It has an internal opening at the open end (38) to receive the octagon stud of the universal adaptor, and has an internal cylindrical passage (32) to allow the fixation screw to pass through into the anchor screw. The gingival collar has an internal shoulder (37), which engages the post and collar combination (40 plus 30) into place, once their individual thermoplastic parts (30 and 40) are connected by the technician by bonding agent prior to casting into gold or other metal. They are now effectively one piece to be affixed to the anchor screw by the fixation screw as it enages the internal shoulder (37) while the threads combine. The gingival collar also has an octagon receptacle (39) to receive the octagon stud (42) of the post head. This octagon combination allows for rotation of the post head in the horizontal plane for a more precise placement of the post prior to connection to the gingival collar. The post head has an internal cylindrical passage (44) to receive the fixaton screw (50). The fixation screw, itself, has an internal hex hold which extends down the shank (54) to allow sizing of the screw by the laboratory technician without the need to cut a new slot for a screw driver. Once cut down, there is still a position for insertion of a hex tool to match. The threads (52) engage the internal threads (64) of the anchor screw, while the head of the screw engages the internal flange (37) of the post/collar.

Although now shown in FIG. 6A, post head (40) may be secured to the colloar (30) by a screw like screw 50 which will also serve to secure the collar to the adaptor.

There are many variations of the post head, some of which are presented here. The tooth abutments, themselves, are larger in size than most presently available in order to conform, more naturally, to the size of the roots and crowns of natural teeth. They sit on the gingival collar which is an inverted frustoconical shape and tapers-out up to the free end in the same manner as the natural root tapers-out from the apex of the root until it reaches the crown portion of the tooth. Another purpose of all of the post head is to reangulate an otherwise malpositioned implant with respect to ideal placement in a dental arch; to provide a positive seat of the final crown with a circumferential chamfer or other means; and to prevent rotation of the final crown otherwise caused by a tapered cylinder as the tooth preparation which is sometimes presently used.

FIG. 7 shows the basic embodiment of the post head, when the implant is perfectly placed in the mouth. Shown here is a chamfer preparation, which is one of many types of preparation available for these inventions. It has an external octagon stud (42) which interconnects with the octagon receptacle of the gingival collar. The fixation screw (50) passes through the channel (44) to the internal threads of the anchor screw. In another embodiment (not shown), the post head can be separately secured which would have an internal shoulder in the head and engage the anchor screw.

Another embodiment of the post head, the low profile head, is shown in FIG. 8. It has an internal octagon (44) to interdigitate with the octagon stud of the universal adaptor. The gingival collar is eliminated in order to have a short abutment height when a distance between upper and lower jaw.

FIGS. 9A and 9B show two views of an anterior abutment preparation (incisor or canine) of a 15° angulated abutment. It uses the same fixation screw, which exits from the channel (144) on the angulated surface. For those dentists that wish to have a screw down crown, a separate opening is provided on the lingual surface for esthetics (146) to place a tube and screw. The final crown can also be cemented into place, without the need for the tube and screw being used.

FIGS. 10A and 10B is another embodiment of the 15° angulated abutment showing the restoration of the posterior (molar and premolar) implant. It also has a provision for a separate tube and screw (146) for fixation of the final crown, which can also be cemented.

FIGS. 11A and 11B are similar to FIGS. 10A and 10B, but at a 30° angulation.

FIGS. 12A and 12B are similar to FIGS. 9A and 9B, but at a 30° angulation.

FIGS. 13A and 13B are similar to FIGS. 9A and 9B, but at a 45° angulation.

FIGS. 14A and 14B are similar to FIGS. 10A and 10B, but at a 45° angulation.

This invention is not limited to the angulations outlined above for these post heads, but, rather, the posts can be fabricated in any number of angulations to compensate from 0° to 45° (to 60° with preparation of the post by the laboratory technician).

FIGS. 15A and FIG. 15B is one embodiment of the vertical offset post, which changes the restoration of an implant in the vertical dimension in a specified measurement. The post head has a special design to allow the relative shifting of the position of the final crown, and has the availability of a opening for a tube an screw as described above.

FIG. 16 is a composite drawing of and angulated and misplaced implant having their relative positions corrected by corrective post heads of the Octa-Hex™ systems: the 15° post head and the vertical offset post head.

FIGS. 17A,B,C,D,E shows the Octa-Hex™ Transfer System parts. After the implants are exposed (4-6 months after insertion), the titanium universal adaptor (20, FIG. 1) is inserted and affixed by anchor screw (560). The brass gingival collar (530) and transfer post head (540) are connected to the adaptor (520), and an acrylic transfer cap (570) is placed over the top to cover the hex opening at the top of the screw and to provide a positive seat in the impression. After the impression is taken, the brass analogs are disconnected and removed from the mouth, but the acrylic cap (520) remains in the impression.

FIG. 17A shows the brass or other metal analog of the universal adapter (520) which is connected to a brass or other metal analog of the implant being restored (not shown) via the titanium or other metal anchor screw (560). The gingival collar (530) is connected along with the transfer post head (540) via a titanium or other metal fixation screw (550). The completely assembled parts are inserted into the impression, and will snap into the acrylic cap (570) that was retained in the impression when it was removed from the patient's mouth. A Coe-Soft™ or equivalent soft material is flowed around the brass analogs, and a dental stone is poured over that. A complete replica of the implants and the gum tissue around them is now ready for the technician to choose the correct posts; custom prepare them, if necessary,; cast them; and fabricate the final crowns.

This invention is not limited to a two piece collar and post system, which, in another embodiment (not shown), can be together combined into a one piece unit.

FIGS. 17B and C show two different length screws to match, increasingly long gingival collars.

FIGS. 17D and E show two different sized gingival collars. There can be many sizes of gingival collars and fixation screws.

FIG. 18A is another embodiment of a universal adaptor (160) connected with an anchor screw, having a shank (61) and about to be placed into an implant. The anchor screw has threads (62) that are of such a nature as to match the thread characteristics of the designated implant as well as the shaft (61) to match. The anchor screw has internal threads (64) to receive the fixation screw and an external flange (66) to anchor the universal adaptor on to the implant while the screw is being threaded into the implant.

FIG. 18B is another embodiment similar to FIG. 18A except that the external thread of the anchor screw (161) matches another type of implant.

FIG. 18C is similar to FIG. 18A except that the adaptor has an internal hexagon (122) to match the designated implant's external hexagon.

It will thus be seen that the invention will allow the restorative dentist and the laboratory technician to provide the most accurate relationship esthetically (the look) and functionally (the bite) by compensating for the untoward angulations and positions which result from the surgical placement of the various titanium implants. At the same time, the invention will provide a uniformity in delivering this service, regardless of the type of implant which has been inserted into the edentulous alveolar bone by the surgeon. The same restorative dentist can treat his patients with several different surgeons, and, at the same time, provide each patient with equivalent restorative designs. The system provides precision, versatility, uniformity, and efficiency of delivery.

Although several of the embodiments of the universal adaptor-anchor screw system have been shown and described above, other embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art depending on the implants to be restored, expecially those implants having external hexagons. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments shown, but, rather, is defined in the appended claims. 

I claim:
 1. An assembly for use in the prosthetic implant restorations in dentistry, the assembly comprising in combination: an adaptor chosen to be compatible to and receivable on an associated implant and having a first portion dimensioned to extend above an associated implant, a gingival collar to be mounted on the adaptor and having a depth to generally conform to the depth between a jaw bone and gum line of a particular patient, an abutment post receivable on the gingival collar and having an external surface dimensioned and shaped to receive a crown or a coping, and means receivable in a passage of the collar for securing the adaptor and gingival collar to an associated implant, further including first means for angularly adjusting the abutment post relative to the collar and second means for angularly adjusting the collar relative to the adaptor without affecting the relationship between the abutment post and collar.
 2. The assembly defined in claim 1 wherein said means for securing said adaptor and collar includes a screw and wherein said post has a post passage registrable with the passage of the collar.
 3. The assembly defined in claim 2 wherein said adaptor has a passage receiving said screw and said screw is engageable with said adaptor to secure the adaptor relative to an associated implant.
 4. The assembly defined in claim 3 wherein said screw has an internal threaded passage and there is further included a second screw receivable through said passage in said post and into said threaded passage of said first screw for engaging and securing the collar relative to the adaptor.
 5. The assembly defined in claim 3 wherein said screw has a first external shoulder, and said adaptor has a first shoulder internally about the passage thereof engageable by the first shoulder of the screw.
 6. The assembly defined in claim 5 wherein said screw has a second shoulder and said adaptor has a second shoulder engageable by said second shoulder of said screw.
 7. The assembly defined in claim 5 wherein said adaptor and collar having mating polygonal surfaces for adjusting the adaptor and collar in first angular increments and wherein said abutment port and collar having mating polygonal surfaces for adjusting abutment post and collar in second angular increments different than the angular increments of adjustment between the adaptor and collar.
 8. The assembly defined in claim 7 wherein said first angular increments are each forty-five degrees (45°) and said second angular increments are each sixty degrees (60°).
 9. The assembly defined in claim 7 wherein said screw has an internal threaded passage and there is further included a second screw receivable through said passage in said post and into said threaded passage of said first screw for engaging and securing the collar relative to the adaptor.
 10. The assembly defined in claim 9 wherein said adaptor has in its lower end a polygonal shaped recess to receive and match with a polygonal-shaped projection on an associated implant.
 11. The assembly defined in claim 1 wherein said means for securing said adaptor and collar includes a screw and wherein said adaptor has a passage receiving said screw and said screw is engageable with said adaptor to secure the adaptor relative to an associated implant.
 12. The assembly defined in claim 11 wherein said screw has a first external shoulder, and said adaptor has a first shoulder internally about the passage thereof engageable by the first shoulder of the screw.
 13. The assembly defined in claim 12 wherein said screw has a second shoulder and said adaptor has a second shoulder engageable by said second shoulder of said screw.
 14. The assembly defined in claim 1 wherein said adaptor and collar having mating polygonal surfaces for adjusting the adaptor and collar in first angular increments and wherein said abutment post and collar having mating polygonal surfaces for adjusting the abutment post and collar in second angular increments different than the angular increments of adjustment between the adaptor and collar.
 15. The assembly defined in claim 14 wherein said first angular increments are each forty-five degrees (45°) and said second angular increments are each sixty degrees (60°).
 16. The assembly defined in claim 1 wherein the collar has a shoulder for receiving a portion of a fastener means.
 17. The assembly defined in claim 16 wherein said means for securing the adaptor and collar includes a first screw received through aligned passages in the adaptor and collar and wherein said fastener means includes a second screw received in said first screw.
 18. The assembly defined in claim 17 wherein said post has a passage for receiving said second screw.
 19. An assembly for use in prosthetic implant restorations in dentistry including an implant having an internal implant passage, the assembly comprising in combination: an adaptor chosen to be compatible to and receivable on an associated implant and having a first portion adapted to extend above an implant when in use, an gingival collar to be mounted on the adaptor and having a depth to conform to the depth between a jaw bone and gum line of a particular patient, means for adjusting the relative angular positions of the adaptor and the gingival collar to compensate for angulated implants, an abutment post receivable on the gingival collar and having an external surface dimensioned to receive a crown or a coping, means for adjusting the relative angular positions of the adaptor and an associated implant when mounted on an implant in use to compensate for angulated implants, first means for securing the adaptor to an associated implant when in use, and second means for securing the gingival collar to the adaptor and wherein said abutment post has a passage for receiving a fastening means.
 20. The assembly defined in claim 19 wherein said means for securing the adaptor to the implant includes a first screw and wherein said second means for securing the collar to the adaptor includes a second screw.
 21. The assembly defined in claim 20 wherein said means for adjusting the relative angular position of the adaptor and implant and the collar and adaptor provide different increments of angular adjustment.
 22. The assembly defined in claim 20 wherein said adaptor has a through passage receiving said first screw.
 23. The assembly defined in claim 20 wherein said adaptor has an internal threaded passage receiving the first screw.
 24. The assembly defined in claim 19 wherein said second means for securing the collar to said adaptor also secures the post to the collar.
 25. The assembly defined in claim 19 wherein said post is secured to said collar.
 26. The assembly defined in claim 19 wherein said means for adjusting the relative angular positions of the adaptor and implant and the collar and adaptor provide different increments of angular adjustment.
 27. The assembly defined in claim 26 wherein said means for adjusting the relative angular position of the adaptor and collar include male and female octagonal socket parts and said means for adjusting the relative angular positions of the adaptor and the implant include male and female hexagonal socket parts.
 28. The assembly defined in claims 26 including means for adjusting the relative angular positions of the post and collar.
 29. The assembly defined in claim 19 further including means for adjusting relative angular positions of the post and collar.
 30. The assembly defined in claim 19 wherein said means for securing the adaptor to the implant includes a first screw having external threads engageable with threads in the passage of the implant, said screw being axially receivable through the adaptor and having a first shoulder engageable with portions of said adaptor.
 31. The assembly defined in claim 30 wherein said means for securing the collar to the adaptor includes a second screw receivable through a passage in said post and threads in an internal passage of said first screw.
 32. The assembly defined in claim 31 wherein said adaptor and collar have interengageable male and female socket parts and said adaptor and implant also have interengageable male and female socket parts for adjusting the angular position of said post relative to the associated implant.
 33. The assembly defined in claim 30 wherein said first shoulder of said screw is engageable with an end portion of said adaptor and wherein said screw has an external shoulder engageable with an interenal shoulder of said adaptor.
 34. The assembly defined in claim 19 wherein said means for securing the collar to said adaptor includes a screw and wherein said post passage is in alignment with said implant passage for receiving said screw, said post passage extending at an angle relative to a vertical axis of said post.
 35. The assembly defined in claim 34 wherein said angle is between zero and about forty-five degrees.
 36. The assembly defined in claim 19 wherein the post has a head shaped for an anterior tooth preparation.
 37. The assembly defined in claim 19 wherein the post has a head shaped for a posterior tooth preparation.
 38. The assembly defined in claim 19 wherein said post has a head with a chamfer shape.
 39. The assembly defined in claim 19 wherein said post has a head with a noncylindrical shape.
 40. The assembly defined in claim 19 wherein said abutment post is made from a thermoplastic material to allow precision refinement of the shape thereof.
 41. The assembly defined in claim 19 wherein said adaptor has a flange projecting radially outwardly intermediate the ends thereof for receiving the collar, said flange having an inverted generally frusto-conical shape conforming to the slope of the collar at a plane of engagement between the collar and the flange.
 42. An assembly for use in prosthetic implant restorations in dentistry including an implant having an internal implant passage, the assembly comprising in combination: an adaptor chosen to be compatible to and receivable on an associated implant and having a first portion adapted to extend above an implant when in use, a gingival collar to be mounted on the adaptor and having a depth to conform to the depth between a jaw bone and gum line of a particular patient, means for adjusting the relative angular positions of the adaptor and the gingival collar to compensate for angulated implants, an abutment post receivable on the gingival collar, means for adjusting the relative angular positions of the adaptor and an associated implant to compensate for angulated implants when in use, first means for securing the adaptor to an associated implant, and second means for securing the gingival collar to the adaptor and wherein said means for securing the adaptor to an associated implant includes a first screw having external threads engageable with threads in the passage of an implant, said screw being axially receivable through the adaptor and having a first shoulder engageable with portions of said adaptor.
 43. The assembly defined in claim 42 wherein said means for securing the collar to the adaptor includes a second screw receivable through a passage in said post and threads in an internal passage of said first screw.
 44. The assembly defined in claim 43 wherein said adaptor and collar have interengageable male and female socket parts and said adaptor and implant also have interengageable male and female socket parts for adjusting the angular position of said post relative to the associated implant.
 45. The assembly defined in claim 42 wherein said first shoulder of said screw is engageable with an end portion of said adaptor and wherein said screw has an external shoulder engageable with an internal shoulder of said adaptor.
 46. For use in securing a combined gingival collar and abutment post to a dental implant having an internal axial passage, an adaptor including a rigid body having means for releasably securing the body to an associated implant when in use, said means including an axial passage in the body, a shoulder in the body about said passage in the body and a screw engaged on the shoulder and adapted to be received in an associated implant, said body having a flange intermediate the ends thereof for receiving a combined collar and abutment, said body having on one side of the flange a post dimensioned to extend in an axial passage of a combined gingival collar and abutment for adjusting the relative angular positions between the combined collar and abutment and the adaptor, said post having an octagon-shaped external surface to match a surface on the passage of the combined collar and abutment and wherein said body has in a lower end thereof means including a hexagon-shaped recess for receiving a portion of an implant and for adjusting the angular position of the body relative thereto.
 47. For use in securing an abutment post to a dental implant having an internal axial passage, an adaptor constituting a piece separate from the abutment post and implant and adapted to be adjustable relative thereto, said adaptor including a rigid body receivable on an associated implant when in use and having means including a shoulder for receiving a fastener for releasably securing the body on an implant when in use, said body having a flange intermediate the ends thereof for receiving a gingival collar, said body having on one side of the flange a post for receiving said collar, said body having an axially extending through passage for receiving fastener means for securing the collar to the body and the body to an associated implant, and wherein said adaptor body has on a lower end thereof a hexagonal surface for mating with a hexagonal surface on an implant, said post having an octagonal external surface for mating with an octagonal internal surface on a collar, and wherein said adaptor body has a second shoulder on an upper end thereof for receiving fastener means for securing the collar to said body. 